Raise Caving—A Hybrid Mining Method Addressing Current Deep Cave Mining Challenges

Abstract Cave mining progresses to depths exceeding 1000 m and ore bodies situated in competent strong rock masses are nowadays extracted by different cave methods. Widely applied caving methods massive deposits block panel caving, inclined sublevel caving. All have common that mass caves during extraction of an body a controlled way. As result, regional stress changes occur, considerable abutment stresses form, large-scale subsidence significant seismic energy releases occur. Experience shows these mechanics effects become especially critical at great depths, where primary magnitudes reach exceed strength, as well masses, which require large footprints enable continuous The presented raise method addresses previously mentioned issues. Initially, de-stressing slots developed from raises with minimum amount pre-development. Substantial pillars separate neighboring order control seismicity near slots. provide shadow for production infrastructure so mineral can take place de-stressed ground. progresses, hanging wall is allowed cave. Results pre-study conducted together LKAB highlighted advantages mechanics, safety, cost point view.